Abdominal vascular compression syndromes are conditions resulting from the obstruction of venous vascular structures caused by anatomical variants. These anatomical variants or compression effects are usually caused by arteries compressing veins, or even parts of the digestive tract.
They are very rare and do not usually lead to complications. In exceptional cases, they require interventional or surgical treatment.
The most common vascular compression syndromes are:
May-Thurner syndrome: Compression of the left iliac vein, which is pinched between the right iliac artery and the spine
Nutcracker syndrome: Compression of the left renal vein, which is pinched between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta
Wilkie syndrome: Compression of the small intestine, which is pinched between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta
Median arcuate ligament syndrome: Compression of the coeliac trunk (an artery) and the splanchnic nerves (located at the front, around the stomach) by the central part of the diaphragm
